1.
Title
Athleticism and the Body's Defense Mechanisms
Keywords
dog system immune body metabolic
Summary
Healthy, conditioned dogs are much more healthier than sedate dogs.
An active dog's system is better prepared to handle increased metabolic
demands than the sedate dog. The body system of an unconditioned
dog is stressed at a lower level of demand than an active dog. There
are two scenarios where the immune system of the active dog will be depressed.
Depression of the immune system can be related to overall body condition.
Issue
2:2
2.
Title
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in the Athletic or Working Dog: Part I
Keywords
dog muscle condition rhabdomyolysis run activity exertional horse
Summary
Healthy, conditioned dogs are much more healthier than sedate dogs.
The body system of an unconditioned dog is stressed at a lower level of
demand than an active dog. An active dog's system is better prepared
to handle increased metabolic demands than the sedate dog. There
are two scenarios where the immune system of the active dog will be depressed.
Some elite human marathoners seem to show a depressed immune system.
It usually occurs in the best dogs or the hardest driving dogs.
Depression of the immune system can be related to overall body condition.
It is commonly seen in dogs participating in activities of high level.
Determine what type and level of activity the dog will participate in prior
to allowing the dog to participate. Brake the dog of chasing unwanted
game. Avoid placing the dog in a poorly ventilated environment.
Hyperacute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Train the dog to come when called. Minimize the factors of stress
for highly excitable dogs.
Issue
3:2
2.
Title
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in the Athletic or Working Dog: Part II
Keywords
dog muscle condition rhabdomyolysis run activity exertional horse
Summary
Healthy, conditioned dogs are much more healthier than sedate dogs.
The body system of an unconditioned dog is stressed at a lower level of
demand than an active dog. An active dog's system is better prepared
to handle increased metabolic demands than the sedate dog. There
are two scenarios where the immune system of the active dog will be depressed.
Some elite human marathoners seem to show a depressed immune system.
It usually occurs in the best dogs or the hardest driving dogs.
Depression of the immune system can be related to overall body condition.
It is commonly seen in dogs participating in activities of high level.
Determine what type and level of activity the dog will participate in prior
to allowing the dog to participate. Brake the dog of chasing unwanted
game. Avoid placing the dog in a poorly ventilated environment.
Hyperacute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Train the dog to come when called. Minimize the factors of stress
for highly excitable dogs.
Issue
3:4
3.
Title
Lyme Disease Prevention
Keywords
tick lyme disease dog vaccine
Summary
Lyme disease is becoming more prevalent in the working and athletic
population. The dog is exposed to it through a tick bite from ticks
of the Ixodes species (Deer Ticks). One product that has shown to
work against ticks is the PrevenTic Tick Collar. The tick titers
monitor the presence of antibodies to the various tick titers. Lyme
disease management should include tick collars (when possible), the topical
tick products, the Lyme vaccine, and twice-a-year health check ups.
Issue
1:4
4.
Title
Managing Exercise-Induced Medical Cases
Keywords
dog activity problem exercise body
Summary
In general, exercise and activity are healthy for the dog. In
any dog there can be times when an activity stresses the dog’s metabolic
processes to extremes. Hypoglycemic dogs will have blood glucose
values less than 50 mg/dl. Typical causes of hypoglycemia include
over-working underconditioned dogs or allowing overanxious young dogs to
be overworked. The dog should be stabilized according to the clinical
signs the dog is exhibiting. The clinical issue is not exhibited
when the dog isn’t exercising. Set up a time where the dog can perform
the specific activity.
Issue
5:5
5.
Title
Managing Hyperthermia in the Athletic and Working Dog
Keywords
dog energy work condition body
Summary
A properly conditioned dog has a better chance of high performance
than an unconditioned dog. For groups that have multiple dogs the
ideal situation is to have dogs training at various environmental conditions.
Conditioning/Training Programs
The body needs energy to maintain homeostasis, and additional energy
during physical activity. Nutrition program design
For example sled dog diets are estimated around 44% protein, 50% fat,
6% carbohydrates. This works for sled dogs but may not be good for
other dogs for medical reasons.
Issue
1:2
6.
Title
Managing Intestinal Parasites in the Athletic and Working Dog
Keywords
dog parasite intestinal worm larva
Summary
Although the dogs do not show any traditional clinical signs, parasites
can affect the dog’s performance. Common intestinal parasites
Adult dogs usually display significant immunity.
Tapeworms have minimal affect on the dog, but can be a sign of other
parasites. Hookworms
Hookworms affect dogs of all ages. Treatment Regimens for Canine
Intestinal Parasites
In the pet dog this level of parasite management might be sufficient.
Athletic and working dog modification
All athletic and working dogs should be on a monthly worming program.
Issue
4:3
7.
Title
Minimizing the Affects of Exercise on the Kidney
Keywords
kidney body exercise blood dog
Summary
Some activities can create significant physiological stresses on the
body. The kidney functions to excrete metabolic waste products.
External blows to the body in the area of the kidney can result renal damage.
External impacts can also traumatize the kidney. The blood flow
to the kidneys is altered to redirect blood to the working muscles.
Exercise itself changes the metabolic waste brought to the kidney.
Extreme exercise can result in muscle cell alterations. There are
many literary sources for treating kidney problems associated with exercise.
Issue
6:3
8.
Title
Pharmaceuticals Currently Used for Canine Lameness
Keywords
dog drug effect product lameness
Summary
In lameness caused by soft tissue, pain relievers or anti-inflammatory
drugs are indicated. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Ascriptin). Side
effects are primarily GI ulceration, vomiting, anorexia, melena, renal
and bleeding disorders. Phenylbutazone. Naproxen is a cyclooxygenase
inhibitor. Piroxicam is used in humans for treatment of inflammatory
bone and joint diseases.
Ketoprofen. GI side effects have been reported at therapeutic
doses in dogs.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol; paracetamol). Ketorolac (Toradol).
Analgesia approximates that of opioids in humans without opioid side effects.
Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. This drug is an anti-prostaglandin,
which may also block prostaglandin inflammation.
Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulator
Issue
1:5
9.
Title
Temperature Regulation of the Dog
Keywords
temperature body dog increase work
Summary
The dog must use other mechanisms to manage its body temperature.
Temperature Regulation
The average body temperature of the dog is 101.5°. Thermal
receptors around the body report temperature variations to the Temperature
Control Center.
Temperature Regulation Disorders
Elevated Body Temperatures
Increases in body temperature can have many causes. This heat
acts to increase the body temperature during exercise.
Heatstroke occurs when the dog’s body cannot handle or manage the increased
metabolic temperature.
Clinically, the normal resting body temperatures for these dogs can
be 99° - 100°.
Reported temperatures of normal healthy dogs during activity.
Issue
1:1
10.
Title
The Affects of Exercise on Scent and the Respiration in the Athletic
and Working Dog
Keywords
dog respiratory air body dioxide
Summary
The respiratory system includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchial tree and lungs. Air enters and exits through the nose.
To offset this state the respiratory system attempts to blow off carbon
dioxide by increasing the respiratory rate. The mental state of the
dog can affect the respiratory system. The dog’s body can be trained
or conditioned to handle these affects.
The dog has minimal sweating capabilities. The dog’s response
to an increase in temperature is by altering respiratory ventilation and
dead space access. A high respiratory rate can impede the dog’s ability
to sniff.
Issue
6:4
11.
Title
Vital Signs of Athletic Dogs
Keywords
dog work energy body rate
Summary
The trained and conditioned canine athlete or working dog’s metabolism
performs at a different level than the pet dog. Some examples include
dog pulls and dog long jumping. Examples of endurance dogs are the pointing
breeds, foxhounds, and sled dogs.
Energy Factors
Current Reported Vitals for Athletic and Working Dogs
Normal recorded temperatures of working dogs are between 100° F
– 108° F. A dog’s heart rate usually increases with work.
Working heart rates range from 115 – 240. This occurs in many types
of working dogs. Body System Interaction
Issue
6:2
12.
Title
Carpal Wrapping
Keywords
wrap carpal impact force structure
Summary
The metacarpus expands which spreads the forces of out reducing stress
on the phalangeal structures of the toes. An incorrect carpal wrap
canlead to toe dislocations, toe fractures and metacarpal fractures.
The correct wrap provides carpal support but has minimal affect on the
action of the paw
Issue
1:4
13.
Title
Diagnosing Stifle Problems Through Palpation: Part I
Keywords
joint ligament rupture stifle tissue
Summary
Stifle problems can be related to any of the structural tissues: muscle,
ligament, tendon or bone. Stifle Anatomy
Structural Injuries
The design of the canine stifle joint predisposes the anterior cruciate
ligament to breakdown.
The basic structural tissues that are important in joint stability
are the ligaments and the joint capsule. The loss of structural function
places altered stress upon other joint tissues. If the tibia moves
forward, the cruciate ligament is ruptured. If the ligament is ruptured,
again, the tibia moves abnormally forward.
Issue
5:3
14.
Title
Diagnosing Stifle Problems Through Palpation: Part II
Keywords
stifle ligament injury joint problem
Summary
Ligamentous Injury
Posterior ligament problems usually do not create as great of a problem
as injuries of the other three stifle ligaments. A posterior cruciate
problem will be identified by pain exhibited during stifle extension.
Avulsion of stifle ligaments can create a confusing diagnostic issue.
Meniscal injuries are most commonly associated with ligament injuries,
ACL and medial collateral. Bone
The stifle is a very muscular joint. Many injuries to these muscles
and their tendons can present as stifle problems.
Issue
6:5
15.
Title
Field Emergency Care in Hunting Dogs or Dogs Working in the Field
Keywords
if dog body field hypoglycemia
Summary
Hypoglycemia is also known as exertional hypoglycemia, hunting dog
hypoglycemia or sugar fits. Field treatment of hypoglycemia involves
infusing the body with glucose of some form. The emergency field
treatment involves stopping any exercise or work, cooling the patient if
overheated, muscle massage. Foreign body penetration is a very common
problem seen in the field dog. If the foreign body has entered the
body it can usually be visualized. If it is a wire cut, flush, medicate,
and staple if needed.
Issue
2:6
16.
Title
Gait Comparison of the Horse and Dog
Keywords
dog leg phase force rear
Summary
Horse-Dog Variation
After the rear legs touchdown during rear leg support, the front leg
touches down before the last rear leg takes off. There are braking
forces and propulsive forces. Impact forces result in braking forces
placed upon the body. The stride sequence of the dog's gallop gait.
The rear support phase is followed by the rear flight phase as the dog
propels itself forward. The dog then impacts the surface with its
front legs, which begins the front support phase, which is followed by
the front flight phase.
Issue
2:1
17.
Title
Lameness Diagnosis in Performance Dogs
Keywords
dog lameness palpate problem pain
Summary
In the canine athlete and working dog any musculoskeletal abnormalities
are accentuated. Lameness
Musculoskeletal lameness is usually caused by pain.
Palpation Basics
Allow the dog to approach on its own. Once the dog feels comfortable,
begin to pet the dog and stand up for the examination.
Then flex and extend each phalangeal joint. Palpate the long
bones and soft tissue structures of the foot and then move proximally to
the carpus if palpating the front leg. Radiographs and palpation
can assess Bones. While palpating the elbow one hand is placed on
the carpus.
Issue
1:5
18.
Title
Managing Achilles Tendon Injuries
Keywords
tendon suture screw injury figure
Summary
Achilles tendon injuries are not rare in the athletic and working dogs.
The tendon of the superficial digital flexor passes through the attachment
site of the Achilles tendon and acts independently.
Tendon Healing
In summary, tendon healing, even when successful, does not result in
normal tendon.
Tendon Surgery as described by Dr. Carmichael
Using K-wires to transfix the tendon facilitates handling of the tendon
ends.
Issue
4:1
19.
Title
Managing Skin Lesions of the Distal Limb
Keywords
skin graft wind tissue place
Summary
Stretching skin involves utilizing and manipulating surrounding skin
to cover the deficit. Skin clamps can be used to bring the skin edges
together. The wound is managed as an open wound and bandaged.
Potential procedures include strip grafts, mesh grafts and axial pattern
flaps. Assess the wound upon presentation, clean it and assess for
viable skin tissue. Sutures are also placed through the graft incisions
to hold the inner graft tissue in place.
Issue
5:4
20.
Title
Paw Pad Wound Management
Keywords
pad wind bandage suture dog
Summary
Applying digital pressure to the bottom and sides of each pad will
expose any pad problems (Figure 2). Applying point pressure to each
pad to assess possible pad problems. The drain is placed under
the pad. The pad incision is then repaired and an absorbable bandage
is placed over the pad. Sutured pad tissue will actually heal faster
than leaving the wound open. Thrown Pads or Abrasions
Bruised Pads
Bruised pads occur after working a rocky surface. Suturing pad
lesions is the fastest way to heal pad lesions.
Issue
2:4
21.
Title
Sesmoids: Little Bones that Can Cause Big Problems
Keywords
joint problem sesmoids digit paw
Summary
Sesmoids are small bones that are located at the metacarpal/phalangeal
joints in the front paws and the metatarsal/phalangeal joints of the back
paws (Figure A2).
The sesmoids associated with Digit II are numbered 1 and 2.
Secondary problems associated with sesmoid injuries include: injuries
to off leg, toes, metacarpals, carpus, shoulder, triceps strains, trigger
points, vertebral muscle strains, psychological (drive) problems, and working
problems.
To assess sesmoid problems the metacarpal/phalangeal joint or metatarsal/phalangeal
joint is flexed.
Issue
1:1
22.
Title
Shoulder Problems of the Canine Athlete and Working Dog
Keywords
muscle joint shoulder dog injury
Summary
This joint is not like the phalangeal joints. Joint strain is
managed conservatively.
Muscle Injuries
Diagnosing muscle injuries of the shoulder can be challenging.
The palpation procedure can help to discern between the scapular muscles
and the shoulder muscles. The glenohumoral joint is flexed.
Pain elicited by these manipulations will identify muscles associated specifically
with the shoulder joint. This assesses the scapular muscle group.
Palpate each muscle individually. This identifies which muscles are
associated with the shoulder lameness.
Level three muscle injuries may require surgical repair.
Issue
5:2
23.
Title
Soundness of the Athletic Dog
Keywords
dog problem musk force work
Summary
A sound dog is defined as a dog with a healthy musculoskeletal system.
The problem is observed by the dog’s handler as the dog works or performs
certain tasks. By definition the dog is not lame.
The altered forces cause a secondary problem that alters the dog’s
gait.
Athletic and working dogs are just as susceptible to these problems
as the general dog population.
Many dogs, both sedate and active, have multiple MuSk issues. The front
legs of the dog act to absorb the forces produced by the rear of the dog.
Movement Initiation
Issue
5:1
24.
Title
The Affect of Joint Movement Alterations on Dog Locomotion
Keywords
joint carpal tape restriction angular
Summary
Of the appendicular joints, the carpal joint shows the greatest range
of motion during the trot gait.
Results
Angular displacement before carpal restriction
ROM values in degrees for the joints before carpal taping.
Angular displacement after carpal restriction
Angular displacement between joints on the taped and untaped sides
of the body showed statistically significant asymmetries at the carpal
and shoulder joints following unilateral carpal restriction (Figure 2).
ROM values in degrees for the joints before carpal taping.
Issue
3:6
25.
Title
Understanding the Greyhound Racing Gallop
Keywords
time stride greyhound flight rear
Summary
Gaits
The Greyhound Racing Gallop
A stride sequence of the Greyhound racing gait. Movement Initiation
measurements are Stride Time, Support Time (Front, Rear, & Total),
and Flight Time (Front, Rear, and Total). Divisions of the Greyhound Racing
Stride.
Kinematic Time Measurements
The data shows that velocity is related to stride frequency, support
time, front/rear support distance and time ratios, and rear flight time,
and rear distance. A strong rear support phase is evident by rear flight
time and distance. Faster Greyhounds have higher stride frequencies, longer
rear flight times, and longer rear flight distances.
Issue
3:1
26.
Title
Dog Food Selection
Keywords
dog food brand feed diet
Summary
Dog Food Selection
This refers to which brand of dog food are you feeding. In the
United States the three major dog food brands are Purina, Hills, and Iams/Eukanuba.
All three also have diets that are designed for the active dogs.
First, determine the energy needs of the dogs. Determine the prices, assess
your management program, then determine the needs of your dogs. For
example, some dogs need to eat diets that are hypoallergenic. All
of the commercial dog foods are acceptable for feeding.
Issue
1:6
27.
Title
Feeding for Optimal Performance
Keywords
energy muscle dog source activity
Summary
Metabolic Energy
There are three basic energy sources utilized during work: Immediate
Energy Stores, Glycolytic Energy Sources and Oxidative Energy Sources.
Sprint/strength activities utilize immediate energy sources while endurance
activities mainly use oxidative energy sources. The immediate energy
source is ATP. The oxidative energy system can also utilize protein as
an energy source. Energy Utilization during Work and Exercise.
The immediate energy source is ATP. Sprint athletes utilize the immediate
energy stores and the glycolytic energy system.
Issue
5:6
28.
Title
Nutritional Components: Sources of Energy
Keywords
protein dog energy source nutritional
Summary
The major dog food companies have created dog food that can address
all of the nutritional needs of the normal dog in one daily feeding.
Active dogs still need a different nutritional program than their inactive
counterparts. Protein Resources The protein supply should be digestible.
Vegetable proteins have a digestibility of 80-85%. Protein digestibility
is determined by the protein source, and the digestive tract of each dog.
The protein sources in the major dog foods are made with good quality proteins.
Fat Resources Fats are an excellent energy source producing 8.5 Kcal/gram.
Issue
1:6
29.
Title
Achievement of Peak Performance Using the Tapering Method
Keywords
taper train performance athlete increase
Summary
The reduction in training is known as “tapering”. Tapering is the period
of training just before a major competition that induces peak performance.
What is tapering? The Training Load Reduction of the training load during
the tapering period can be described as a decrease in training intensity,
training volume, and/or training frequency. Taper Duration The Type of
Taper
Tapering Research Finally maximum voluntary strength increased significantly
with all three tapering methods. The goal of the taper is to optimize competition
performance.
Issue
4:4
30.
Title
How to Prevent Overreaching and Overtraining in Athletes
Keywords
dog train rest overtrain athletic
Summary
The cycle consists of the amount and type of training stress, competition
stress, recovery, and rest a canine athlete receives. Rest and recovery
are the main contributors to overreaching and overtraining because too
little rest and recovery produces increased stress on the body. Canine
athletes can develop an imbalance in the training, competition, recovery,
and rest cycle. This cycle is important because it determines how much
training stress, competition stress, recovery, and rest a dog receives.
The dog will overreach and eventually suffer from overtraining syndrome.
If training and more competitions persist, then the dog may develop overtraining
syndrome.
Issue
4:5
31.
Title
Overtraining Syndrome
Keywords
dog syndrome overtrain train symptom
Summary
Overtraining syndrome is a common cause of decreased performance and
illness in athletes. Symptoms of overtraining syndrome include muscle soreness,
fatigue, decreased coordination, weight loss, and frequent illness. When
dogs train too hard and do not complete rest intervals in their training,
(i.e. tapering) they develop overtraining syndrome. Just because
a dog experiences a decrease in performance does not mean it has overtraining
syndrome. Overtraining syndrome is preventable. Remember, if allowed, a
dog has an internal drive that will push the dog past the dog’s physical
limits. This will result in overtraining syndrome.
Issue
4:5
32.
Title
Tapering Variations Utilized in Canine Competition
Keywords
dog event work train program
Summary
Tapering has shown positive results in human training programs designed
for major competitions. The dog’s training program should be assessed
before implementing a tapering technique. The handler and the dog
would perform activities that require some basic commands. In field
dogs the same type of regimen can be applied. Work with the dog on
the weaknesses and manage as normal. Minimize physical activity and
encourage positive interaction. The day prior to the event the dogs
should be allowed to rest as best as possible.
Issue
4:4
33.
Title
Canine Sports Psychology: Inherent Drive
Keywords
dog work activity perform sample
Summary
The answer became obvious after watching these dogs. The inherent drive
to perform can be so strong that it affects the dog physically. Certain
breeds of dogs were bred specifically to perform selected tasks.
Some examples are the herding breeds, the retrieving breeds and the guard
dogs. This intensity also has an affect on the dog's metabolism.
When evaluating an athletic or working dog's health status, blood should
be drawn at three separate times associated with their performance task.
The post-activity sample is taken after the dog has been put through a
short workout or just as the dog finishes the event. In summary,
a dog's drive to perform is a very important component of performance.
Some dogs are so inherently driven that it is affects the physical status
of the dog.
Issue
1:3
34.
Title
Enhancing the Jumping Ability of the Dog
Keywords
jump dog muscle problem strength
Summary
There are many activities that the dog performs that require the dog
to jump. An article by Tokuriki (1979) discusses the biomechanics
and muscle activity associated with the jumping action of the dog.
The jump action allows the dog to raise its body upwards. If the
height of the jump is below the lift height of the dog’s gallop its locomotion
is minimally affected by the jump. The paravertebral muscles are
the most important muscles related to jumping. It is important to
understand the factors that influence the dog’s ability to jump when analyzing
their jumping performance. There are usually three types of jumps
used by the dog: 1) a high jump, 2) a long jump and 3) hurdles. Muscle
strength and endurance are positive factors. The rear legs then launch
the dog upwards. The structural components of the jump are the muscles,
bones and joints. Negative Jump Factors There are many factors that
have a negative influence on a dog’s jumping performance. The most
common underlying problems affect the paravertebral muscles. Trigger
points are localized muscle spasms within a muscle. Enhancing the
jumping ability of the dog Long jump and hurdles depend on horizontal movement.
The high jump requires more body strength and proper jumping form. High
Jump The high jump involves lifting the dog’s body up onto high surfaces
or over high jumps. Training the proper jumping form plays the greatest
role in high jump performance. Long Jump A strength/conditioning
program can then be implemented to optimize the dog’s ability to jump.
Issue
6:1
35.
Title
Gait Analysis and Performance
Keywords
gait analysis side dog movement
Summary
The walk and trot are symmetrical gaits. In this type of gait the movements
of the right side mirror the movements of the left side. Lameness
is defined as a variance from normal gait. Gait analysis is a diagnostic
tool that can be used to assess lameness.
Subjective gait analysis is the most common diagnostic tool to assess
lameness. (Figure1) Most gait abnormalities can be detected
with subjective gait analysis. Observing dog gaits. Video
analysis is used to assess the kinematic parameters of locomotion.
Issue
2:3
36.
Title
Genetics and Performance
Keywords
gene trait dog performance breed
Summary
In the pointing breeds some dogs run longer than other dogs.
The genes can work together to produce a certain trait. If the pair of
genes has a dominant gene and a recessive gene the dominant trait will
be demonstrated. The female dog has two “X” genes and the male dog
has one “X” gene and one “Y” gene. genes of significance. Sex-related
traits are carried through the “X” gene. Figure 2. Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Issue
2:6
37.
Title
Influences on Canine Performance
Keywords
dog performance work information canine
Summary
Our goals should be to optimize our dog’s performance and at the same
time minimize any detrimental affects of the workout. Each issue
will contain a section with information devoted to the physiological aspects
of performance, a section with information about the musculoskeletal system
as it relates to the active dog, and a third section that includes various
topics that include canine drive, event-related physical activity or miscellaneous
information about athletic and working dogs.
Issue
1:1
38.
Title
Nails: Long or Short
Keywords
nail traction long paw dog
Summary
One side thinks that the longer nail helps provide traction, much like
cleats in the human. The other side cites that the longer nails predispose
the dogs to injuries of the toe.
Figure 1. Figure 2.
On soft surfaces the paw spreads out allowing the webbing to help provide
traction.
The negative side of long nails far outweighs any potential benefit.
The longer nail acts like a fulcrum, which increases detrimental forces
placed upon the bone and ligamentous structures of the paw (Figure 3).
Longer nails predispose the digits to fractures, dislocations and nail
injuries.
Figure 3.
Issue
1:2
39.
Title
Neuronal Factors of Canine Movement and Performance
Keywords
movement body cns fatigue train
Summary
Voluntary movements originate in the Central Nervous System (CNS).
A movement pattern is initiated in the CNS. At that time a desired
movement “set point” is established for that movement. normal movement
scenarios, these movements become second nature.
Training and Conditioning
Movement patterns are represented in the brain of individuals when
automated performances occur. If a structural fault develops or is incurred,
body movement is altered. Once a dog is injured the movement patterns
change. Neuronal Fatigue
Issue
6:6
40.
Title
Optimizing the Scenting Ability of the Dog
Keywords
dog scent ability work body
Summary
Many dogs utilize their scenting abilities in their work or competition.
Scenting dogs or detection dogs work in various settings. The scenting
factors include 1) scent production, 2) scent maintenance, 3) scent reception
and 4) physiological abilities (Figure 2). Factors That Impede Scenting
Ability
A dog's mental capacity can affect how it works. A dog's health
can have a detrimental affect on the dog's ability. Optimizing Scenting
ability
The dog's metabolism will affect their ability to smell and work.
Nutrition and Scent
Avoid under-training and over-training the working dog.
Issue
3:3
41.
Title
Performance of the Canine Athlete
Keywords
performance event athlete canine dog
Summary
Relative performance compares the individual's performance relative
to the competitor's performance. Skills can be defined as working skills
and athletic competition. Working performances would, for example, include
drug dogs, hunting dogs, and herding dogs. To judge performance you must
determine what event is involved, the activities of this event, and the
performance definitions of this particular event. The athlete is defined
as an: (1) elite athlete, (2) amateur athlete, (3) professional athlete,
and the (4) recreational athlete. Performance can be analyzed once we have
set our performance expectations for the defined event. Performance is
affected by internal factors and external factors.
Issue
2:3
42.
Title
The Most Important Muscles of Performance
Keywords
muscle body longissimus hamstring leg
Summary
The other muscle groups that play a key role are the thigh muscles.
The Muscle of the Thigh
The hamstrings are actually four different muscles. Figure 1.
The muscles involved in forward propulsion.
Back Leg Muscles. The Muscles of the Back
There are the postural muscles and the muscles of action. Muscles
of the back. The longissimus dorsi muscles lay below the Latissimus
Dorsi muscles
The muscles lose their rigidity. Uphill running can help strengthen
the longissimus muscles
Issue
2:2
43.
Title
Understanding and Analyzing Performance Drive of the Dog
Keywords
dog drive reward perform problem
Summary
Inherent Drive
The dog is a carnivore. Reward Drive
An inherently driven dog will not necessarily perform better than a
reward driven dog.
Some dogs respond better to food reward, other dogs respond better
to play reward. Some dogs prefer different objects. Determine
the source of the dog’s drive. The three basic reasons for canine
performance drive are inherit drive, reward drive, and fear drive.
Inherit drive is the internal drive of the dog to perform the actual task.
Issue
2:5
44.
Title
Variations in Metabolic Response to Activity Anticipation
Keywords
dog participate workout anticipation sample
Summary
This results in a set of normal metabolic parameters and values specific
for this group of dogs.
Labrador Retrievers who were trained to compete in retriever field
trials participated in the study. This sample was designated as the
pre-workout sample (Pre). The dogs knew they were about to perform
because they had been driven out to the activity grounds and had witnessed
other dogs participating in retrieving exercises.
The blood values that significantly increased with anticipation were
calcium and total bilirubin.
Issue
2:1
45.
Title
Poison Management: A Brief Overview
Keywords
dog if substance charcoal patient
Summary
Medical management of poison cases in these dogs is the same as the
pet dog.
Toxic exposures can be presented as dermal, ocular or oral.
Skin Decontamination
Rinse the dog’s skin until the soap and the toxic substance is removed.
If the detection dog was working drugs it is important to monitor the dog’s
mental state for at least 24 hours post exposure.
Oral Ingestion
Emesis
Activated Charcoal
Severe vomiting should be controlled before activated charcoal administration.
Toxin Dilution
Cathartics
Cathartics enhance the movement of substances through the gastrointestinal
tract. Decontamination Contraindications
Issue
4:2
46.
Title
The Canine Workout Companion
Keywords
dog workout owner exercise distance
Summary
This information indicates that having a canine workout companion benefits
the human, the dog and the human-dog relationship.
The exercise program will create a shift in the owner-dog relationship.
In most dog fight incidences, if one dog can be controlled (via the leash)
it can minimize the injury occurrence between the two dogs.
Some owners may find that their dog can handle distance increases greater
than ¼ mile. Pre-Workout Examination
Then the dog’s age should be assessed. The dog can make an excellent
workout companion. The exercise is good for the dog.
Issue
7:1
47.
Title
Wound Management and Surgery of the Pinna of the Ear
Keywords
ear hematoma suture place cartilage
Summary
The ear is divided into three parts: the external ear, the middle ear,
and the inner ear.
Figure 1.
Anatomical descriptors of the pinna of the ear
Aural Hematomas
Figure 2. Blood supply of the pinna of the ear
The ears were to be cleaned and massaged 3-4 times daily to help express
hematoma contents. A 1/4" penrose drain was inserted and sutured
in place. Avulsion Injuries
The two skin surfaces are sutured together using simple interrupted
sutures or a continuous pattern suture.
Issue
3:5
48.
Title
An Introduction to Trigger Points in the Dog
Keywords
trigger point dog problem muscle
Summary
Myofascial trigger points are often overlooked and misunderstood in
the dog. Whether trigger points are a true muscle pathology is controversial.
In most of the pet dog population, trigger points are not a significant
problem. Trigger points weaken the muscle tissue. All primary
problems should be addressed first, before any trigger point therapy is
provided. Usually trigger points are a secondary problem, related
to a primary musculoskeletal problem elsewhere. Identifying a
trigger point can help diagnose a related problem. There are many
ways to treat trigger points.
Issue
2:4
49.
Title
Basic Concepts of Canine Rehabilitation
Keywords
tissue rehabilitation problem body phase
Summary
The primary problem is defined as the tissue structure that is initially
injured or affected. The primary problem affects how the body moves
and functions. The rehabilitation process then involves repairing the primary
problem and correcting the associated secondary and tertiary problems.
Rehabilitation begins by focusing on the disrupted tissue and the surrounding
tissue. Phase one of rehabilitation should allow tissue healing, minimize
tissue instability and finally help to minimize body deconditioning.
The second phase of rehabilitation will focus on limb reconditioning.
Issue
5:5
50.
Title
The Psychological Aspects of Rehabilitation
Keywords
rehabilitation dog handler time period
Summary
Physical rehabilitation from an injury or lameness usually includes
a period of rest. This can be mentally depressing to the dog. For
example, it can be in the form of some obedience commands during the bathroom
leash walks. Kindly supportive words spoken to them any time during
the day will let them know that the handler is not mad or reprimanding
them. A proper rehabilitation program will take into account the
mental aspects and confusion by the dog during the rehabilitation time
period.
Issue
1:2
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